Mathematical Notation on this Web Site

The standard HTML 3.2 used on this web site does not have all the symbols and formats needed for mathematics. This page gives examples of how mathematical expressions are written in HTML 3.2 on this web site.

Algebra

x + y
x plus y
x - y
x minus y
x.y
x multiplied by y
x/y
x divided by y
xn
x to the power n
x < y
x less than y
x < y
x less than or equal to y
x not< y
x not less than y
x > y
x greater than y
x > y
x greater than or equal to y
x not> y
x not greater than y
x ~ y
x approximately equal to y
x not= y
x not equal to y
Determinant:
det
a11 ... a1n
... ... ...
an1 ... ann
Matrix eigenvalue equation:
a11 ... a1n
... ... ...
an1 ... ann
x1
...
xn
 =  lambda
x1
...
xn

Sets

x is in A
The element x is in the set A
{a, b, c}
The set consisting of the elements a, b, and c
{x: P(x)}
The set of all x such that P(x)
A + B
The union of A and B
A . B
The intersection of A and B
A'
The complement of A
A < B
The set A is a subset of B

Greek Letters

Greek letters are written as words:

alpha beta gamma delta epsilon zeta eta theta iota kappa lambda mu nu xi omicron pi rho sigma tau upsilon phi chi psi omega

Greek Letters

Common Functions

sqrt x
Square root of x.
exp x,   log x
Exponential and logarithm of x.
sin x,   cos x,   tan x
Trigonometric functions of x.
arcsin x,   arccos x,   arctan x
Inverse trigonometric functions of x.

Complex Numbers

z = x + i.y
A complex number in rectangular coordinates.
z* = x - i.y
The complex conjugate of the above complex number.
r = | z |
The modulus of z.
theta = arg z.
The argument of z.
z = r.(cos theta + i.sin theta)
The complex number in polar coordinates.

Analysis

lim xk = a
The sequence x1, x2, ... has the limit a.
A x: E y: P(x,y)
For all x, there exists y such that P(x,y).
Sum(k=1, n): ak
The finite sum a1 + ... + an.
Sum(k=1, 2, ...): ak
The infinite sum a1 + a2 + ... .

Calculus

Let y = f(x). Then the derivative of f(x) is:
y' = f'(x)
and the differential of y is:
dy = f'(x).dx.
Let u = f(x, y, z). Then the derivatives of f are:
u1 = f1(x, y, z) = partial du/dx,
u2 = f2(x, y, z) = partial du/dy,
u3 = f3(x, y, z) = partial du/dz
and the differential of u is:
du = f1(x, y, z).dx + f2(x, y, z).dy + f3(x, y, z).dz.
The definite integral of f(x) from x = a to x = b is written:
Integral(a, b): f(x).dx
and the indefinite integral of f(x) is written:
Integral: f(x).dx.
Multiple integrals may be written as follows:
Integral(a1 to b1, a2 to b2, a3 to b3): f(x, y, z).dx.dy.dz.

By R. H. B. Exell, 1998. King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi.
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